特厚煤层综放工作面瓦斯抽采技术研究

为解决蒋家河煤矿采空区瓦斯涌出量大、上隅角瓦斯超限和回风平巷风排瓦斯量大等问题,提出了本煤层预抽、专用瓦斯抽放巷抽采和上隅角埋管抽采瓦斯相结合的方法对该矿ZF202综放工作面进行瓦斯治理,进行了现场实测和瓦斯抽采效果分析。结果表明,本煤层预抽后,瓦斯含量由7.92 m^3/t下降为4.21 m^3/t,瓦斯压力由0.72 MPa下降为0.38 MPa;上隅角瓦斯浓度由0.78%下降至0.4%左右。通过对比,专用瓦斯抽放巷的抽采纯量是高位钻孔的2.5倍,抽采效果好于高位钻孔,使工作面和上隅角瓦斯浓度保持较低水平,有效地解决了特厚煤层综放工作面瓦斯超限问题,为安全生产提供了重要保障。     

不同类型液体水化作用下海相页岩巴西劈裂破坏特征

为了研究不同类型液体水化作用对页岩内部裂缝形态、岩石抗拉强度和巴西劈裂张性破坏模式的影响,选取昭通国家级页岩气示范区下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层岩心,采用清水及滑溜水分别进行了水化预处理,通过CT扫描对比了页岩中裂缝结构的变化;然后开展巴西劈裂试验,研究了水化预处理后页岩试件抗拉强度及张性破坏模式;在此基础上,选取研究区内的两口水平井,在其压裂施工现场开展了水化预处理先导性试验。研究结果表明:①相同时间内,自发渗吸过程清水水化作用对海相页岩裂缝复杂程度的提升效果优于滑溜水;②清水表面张力更大且黏度更低,清水水化作用不仅能够促使原始裂缝延伸,还能诱发新的微细裂缝或分支缝,而滑溜水水化则以促使原始裂缝扩展为主;③水化作用使海相页岩发生损伤,其抗拉强度降低,经过清水、滑溜水水化预处理后的页岩试件抗拉强度相对未水化试件分别降低了35.6%和18.1%;④根据主裂缝延伸形态将页岩水化后巴西劈裂张性破坏模式分为阶梯形、折线形、分支形和弧形4种或是其相互组合,而未水化页岩张性破坏模式仅为直线形;⑤水化作用能有效提升海相页岩压裂裂缝复杂程度,建议在施工条件允许的情况下,射孔后在限压范围内高排量注入一定量清水并关井直至主压裂施工开始,为了降低主压裂施工难度,可以通过"低砂浓度、长段塞"泵注的策略来满足设计加砂量。     

Coupling in situ experiments and modeling – Opportunities for data fusion,machine learning,and discovery of emergent behavior

This paper reviews recent studies, that not only includes both experiments and modeling components, but celebrates a close coupling between these techniques, in order to provide insights into the plasticity and failure of polycrystalline metals. Examples are provided of studies across multiple-scales, including, but not limited to, density functional theory combined with atom probe tomography, molecular dynamics combined with in situ transmission electron miscopy, discrete dislocation dynamics combined with nanopillars experiments, crystal plasticity combined with digital image correlation, and crystal plasticity combined with in situ high energy X-ray diffraction. The close synergy between in situ experiments and modeling provides new opportunities for model calibration, verification, and validation, by providing direct means of comparison, thus removing aspects of epistemic uncertainty in the approach. Further, data fusion between in situ experimental and model-based data, along with data driven approaches, provides a paradigm shift for determining the emergent behavior of deformation and failure, which is the foundation that underpins the mechanical behavior of polycrystalline materials.     

沿空切顶成巷段巷道围岩变形规律研究

以宏景塔一矿回采工作面为研究对象,基于切顶卸压无煤柱自动成巷技术原理,采用数值模拟计算和现场实测的方法,对该矿成巷段巷道围岩支承压力分布及围岩变形规律进行分析。研究结果表明:随着工作面向前推进,巷道围岩支承压力呈先增大后减小最后趋于稳定的变化趋势,支承压力稳定值为13.5 MPa;受工作面回采动压的影响,距离工作面70 m以内,锚索受力急剧增大到恒阻值、巷道围岩变形明显;距离工作面70~150 m,锚索受力迅速减小、巷道围岩变形逐渐变缓;在距离工作面150 m之后,锚索受力仅有微量变化、巷道围岩变形趋于稳定。因此确定支护体回撤保守安全位置为工作面后方150 m。工程实践表明:所设支护体回撤距离能够应对巷道围岩变形,成巷效果良好。     

A Multiscale-Porous Anion Exchange Membrane for Convenient and Scalable Electrokinetic Concentration of Cationic Species

A device able to electrokinetically concentrate cationic samples has many potential medical and industrial applications, but until now has remained undeveloped due to the lack of a commercial anion-permselective material leading to a prohibitively complex fabrication procedure. Herein, a novel multiscale-porous anion exchange membrane (MP-AEM) that enables the convenient and scalable electrokinetic concentration of cationic species is proposed. A mechanically enhanced multiscale-porous structure with a solid framework is realized by adopting polyester resin as an additive to overcome the intrinsic limitations of the AEM material. The scalable MP-AEM-embedded electrokinetic concentrator is devised based on the peculiar properties of the MP-AEM that for allow both ion and fluid transport. With the MP-AEM, the concentrator is fabricated in a highly streamlined manner consisting only of a simple insertion and assembly. The concentration performance of the MP-AEM-embedded electrokinetic concentrator is demonstrated with a positively charged fluorescent dye and a fluorescein-labeled protein, and the results show enrichment factors of 250 and 500, respectively. The MP-AEM makes cationic electrokinetic concentration more accessible and scalable, thereby enabling further progress in a wide range of fields.     

Milling of pharmaceutical powder carrier excipients: Application of central composite design

Pharmaceutical powder carriers are often used to prevent agglomeration of a micronized drug in the co-milling process. Twenty-four pharmaceutical excipients were subjected to preliminary mild milling conditions in this work. Ten of them showed acceptable milling properties with alginic acid, calcium alginate, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® 200), carrageenan, and hypromellose having the best particle size reduction without any aggregation while maintaining a narrow span. For the latter five substances, circumscribed central composite design (CCD) evaluating the effect of the factors milling speed and timeon the responses (particle size, particle size distribution) for three milling ball sizes was used to establish optimal milling conditions. For all ten possible factor combinations and each ball size, a quadratic response surface model was used to predict the response variable. For three substances out of five, the best results were achieved using 5-mm balls. Thermal characteristics showed the good stability of excipients under optimized milling conditions.     

A novel long short-term memory networks-based data-driven prognostic strategy for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) long-term prognostic facilitates reducing the time/cost of the durability tests and is a critical starting point for control/maintenance suggestions. Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks have excellent time series processing capabilities and are proved to be useful for the short-term prognostic of PEMFC. However, LSTM prognostic models usually suffer from accumulated errors and model recognition uncertainties, which make it difficult to break the historical degradation data limitations, resulting in unsatisfactory long-term prediction performance. To tackle the problem, this paper proposes a novel model named navigation sequence driven LSTM (NSD-LSTM) for long-term prognostic. In the strategy, a navigation sequence is firstly generated by using an autoregressive integrated moving average model with exogenous variables. The sequence is then fed iteratively into LSTM in the implementation stage to achieve long-term perdition. The proposed strategy is evaluated using the aging experimental data of two types of PEMFC under different operating conditions. The long-term prognostic performance of the proposed model and other two state-of-the-art prognostic models, namely, nonlinear autoregressive exogenous and echo state network, are evaluated through comparison experiments. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed prognostic strategy has better long-term degradation trend prediction consistency and remaining useful life estimation robustness.     

Feasibility study of large-scale mass customization 3D printing framework system with a case study on Nanjing Happy Valley East Gate

At present, the development and implementation of digital transformation are the keys to promoting high-quality industry development. The new digital fabrication method of robotic 3D printing is a research area being studied by many to tackle the issue of the declining productivity of traditional construction methods. Although many studies have been done, most of the current 3D printing projects are facing limitations in terms of scale. In order to bridge the gap, this article proposed a mass customization 3D printing framework system for large-scale projects. This article discusses how mass customization is made possible through the joint operation of the FUROBOT software and 3D printing hardware. By taking the east gate of Nanjing Happy Valley Plaza as a case study, the article demonstrates and studies the feasibility of the large-scale mass customization 3D printing framework system.     

齿轮减速机啮合参数优化设计

提出用单目标函数进行初步的啮合参数优化,以此为基础再进行一次迭代优化计算。在计算中考虑全部啮合参数对齿轮传动的影响,采用复合形优化方法和智能判别系统可得到更加合理的啮合参数,并用实例论述了这种重复优化的与传统设计和单目标优化的效果对比。